When infrastructure fails or underperforms there can be socioeconomic, environmental, and even political impacts that undermine overall development goals. Infrastructures of all types, gray as well as natural are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Many of these impacts are already apparent and will become more frequent and severe over the decades to come. Infrastructure systems must therefore be designed, built, operated, and managed in ways that help ensure their structural integrity, longevity, and effectiveness (in delivering services) under the already-changed climate and when faced with still more significant changes to come.
