• As the negative impacts of climate change are expected to intensify in the near future, Climate Risk Assessment and Management aims at averting, minimising and addressing loss and damage.
• Climate and Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (CDRFI) aims to increase resilience and provide protection against climate and disaster risks for vulnerable people and communities. 

• Private Sector & Adaptation responds to climate-related economical risks and seizes business opportunities in order to safeguard operations, to strategically create sustainable growth and to increase societal resilience. 

• The National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process aims to integrate adaptation into development planning and to reduce vulnerability to climate change. As the primary national planning process for adaptation, it can support the implementation of NDC adaptation goals. 
• Mainstreaming of Adaptation systemically includes climate risk and adaptation considerations in decision-making and planning processes. 
• Climate Services (CS) provide decision-makers with customized ready-to-use climate information and products (forecasts or historical trends) to effectively manage climate risk. 
• Economics of Climate Adaptation considers the need to assess the economic impact of climate risks and to develop adaptation options that contribute to economic development and human well-being in a systemic way. 

Climate Change and Migration looks at how extreme weather events and gradual changes impact human mobility: migration, (disaster) displacement, as well as planned relocation.  

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) helps keeping track of the implementation of adaptation measures and assessing their effectiveness and outcomes. The Paris Agreement encourages “M&E and learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmes and actions” (Article 7.9d).