As part of applying the Vulnerability Assessment for Socio-Ecological Systems (VASES) approach in Ha Tinh province, vulnerability assessments for ecosystem-based adaptation were conducted at both macro and micro levels, and based on their findings, ecosystem-based adaptation measures could be identified as stand-alone responses or complementary sets of possibilities for hardware-based/infrastructure-based measures to climate change adaptation.

As part of applying the Vulnerability Assessment for Socio-Ecological Systems (VASES) approach in Quang Binh province, vulnerability assessments for ecosystem-based adaptation were conducted at both macro and micro levels, and based on their findings, ecosystem-based adaptation measures could be identified as stand-alone responses or complementary sets of possibilities for hardware-based/infrastructure-based measures to climate change adaptation.