Missing scientific evidence for positive economic benefits and environmental effects of agroecology is a major problem hindering its large-scale implementation. To allow for better evidence-based decision making, this publication provides the methodological guidance. It addresses both project implementers and researchers who are in the process of preparing and choosing context-adapted socio-economic analyses and ecosystem services valuations related to agroecology. In this way, it is intended to support future economic studies conducted within agricultural and rural development programmes.