Thematic Paper 7 highlights transparency as a shared pillar of the CBD/GBF and the Paris Agreement, illustrating that integrated monitoring and reporting can strengthen climate–biodiversity synergies while reducing reporting burdens and improving policy coherence. The paper presents the monitoring frameworks of the GBF and the Paris Agreements, discusses opportunities at the global level for enhancing synergies between them, and compiles good practices and recommendations for aligning monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) systems at the national level: develop shared national objectives and targets; identify overlaps and harmonize definitions and indicators; establish data agreements to facilitate the flow of data; share data repositories for continuous monitoring; align timelines for reporting and revision of national strategy documents; conduct capacity-building and knowledge exchange; and continuously improve synergistic implementation through evaluation and learning. 

This paper is part of a series aimed at enhancing the understanding and policy uptake of integrated solutions to the climate and biodiversity crises. The Summary Paper and other Thematic Papers can be accessed by clicking on the links below.

• Summary Paper: Synergies Between Biodiversity and Climate Policy Frameworks
• Thematic Paper 1: Linkages and Synergies Between International Instruments on Biodiversity and Climate Change
• Thematic Paper 2: Linkages Between Biodiversity and Climate Change and the Role of Science-Policy-Practice Interfaces for Ensuring Coherent Policies and Actions
• Thematic Paper 3: Nature-Based Solutions: An Approach for Joint Implementation of Climate and Biodiversity Commitments
• Thematic Paper 4: Good Governance for Integrated Climate and Biodiversity Policy-Making
• Thematic Paper 5: From National to Local Implementation: A Collaborative, Multi-Level Effort to Achieve Joint Climate and Biodiversity Goals
• Thematic Paper 6: Delivering Financing for Joint Biodiversity and Climate Solutions
• Thematic Paper 8: The Role of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in Contributing to the Achievement of Global Climate and Biodiversity Goals 
• Thematic Paper 9: Enhancing Synergies to Advance Gender-Responsive Approaches Under the CBD and UNFCCC Frameworks 
• Thematic Paper 10: Resources and Platforms for Capacity Building and Development for Climate and Biodiversity Action